Japan’s destroyer-turned-aircraft carrier, the JS Kaga, marked a significant milestone last week, completing its first sea trials with the F-35B Lightning II stealth fighter off the coast of California. These trials represent a historic moment for Japan, as the Kaga is the first aircraft carrier operated by the Japanese Maritime Defence Force (JMSDF) since World War II. The refitted vessel highlights Japan’s efforts to modernise its maritime forces amid increasing regional tensions in the Indo-Pacific.
A New Era in Japanese Naval Power
Originally launched as a helicopter carrier, the JS Kaga is an Izumo-class vessel initially designed to house up to 28 helicopters. Following a refit that began in 2018, the ship was equipped with a reinforced flight deck to support the F-35B, a short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) variant of Lockheed Martin’s fifth-generation fighter jet. At over 800 feet long and with a weight of 24,000 tons, the Kaga is relatively compact compared to U.S. Nimitz-class carriers but represents a substantial upgrade in Japan’s naval capability.
Trials Showcase F-35B Capabilities
During the recent three-week trials, U.S., Japanese, and U.K. defense forces tested the F-35B in various conditions, including nighttime operations. The U.S. Marine Corps also deployed a CH-53E Super Stallion helicopter to assist with maintenance on the flight deck. On October 21, an F-35B successfully took off and landed on the Kaga, marking a significant step in the vessel’s operational readiness.
Lockheed Martin’s F-35B, equipped with a Rolls-Royce lift fan for STOVL capabilities, allows the aircraft to operate on smaller carriers, enhancing flexibility in diverse combat scenarios. Lockheed anticipates a profitable 2024 as demand for F-35s grows among allied nations; however, the company has faced some financial challenges due to government contracting delays.
Significance Amid Regional Tensions
The Kaga’s conversion to an aircraft carrier marks a departure from Japan’s post-World War II pacifist stance, though officials label it a “multi-purpose destroyer.” Political analysts note that Japan’s decision reflects a response to growing military assertiveness from China, particularly in the East and South China Seas. Last month, Japanese and U.S. defense officials affirmed their commitment to a “Free and Open Indo-Pacific,” an initiative increasingly relevant as China strengthens its regional presence.
Japan’s ongoing collaboration with the U.S. is exemplified by these trials and the recent U.S. Marine Corps and U.K. Royal Navy contributions to the Kaga’s testing efforts. The Japanese navy noted on social media that the trials underscored strong U.S.-Japan ties, reinforcing a partnership critical for regional stability.
As tensions continue to escalate in the Indo-Pacific, the JS Kaga and its new F-35B capabilities symbolize Japan’s commitment to bolstering its defense posture while cooperating closely with allies.
